Romeo and Juliet s Theme of Youth and Excitement Rather than Sentimental Love :: Papers

Romeo and Juliet 's Theme of Youth and Excitement Rather than Sentimental Love Despite the fact that scenes of youth and fervor do exist, I absolutely oppose this idea with the pundits. I accept the play comprises of wistful love among Romeo and Juliet and that the areas of youth and energy are utilized distinctly to execute catastrophe. I will presently back up my supposition with proof and statements from the play. In any case, the principal battle happens between the workers, this serves to educate the crowd regarding the quarrel and sets us up for the battle scene in Act 3 Scene1. The ball scene has a significant impact in the play, it is an energizing scene yet, its included to empower the characters to meet. Everything begins when the Montague's sneak into the Capulet's ball. Romeo and his individual Montague's can get this show on the road the ball since it is a 'Veiled Ball'. Simply these little subtleties tell the crowd that their affection was intended to be, practically like destiny. Romeo is getting a charge out of the gathering when out of nowhere he sees an excellent looking young lady. From here onwards he can't take his eyes off Juliet just like she cant with Romeo. I don't accept that Romeo had fallen in love with Rosaline however this time he had, with an alternate young lady 'O she doth show the lights to consume brilliant' Romeo didn't express these things about Rosaline and this at that point fortifies the point that he had fallen in affection with this young lady who he doesn't have the foggiest idea about the name of. In the interim, Juliet was being compelled to wed a more seasoned man against her own will, yet this would change as she would successfully be with Romeo. Romeo pulls Juliet behind a column and kisses her before talking to her. Juliet then discovers that Romeo is a Montague My lone love sprung from my solitary despise this statement says everything she cherished him beyond all doubt be that as it may, couldn't be seen with him as they are on inverse sides of two rival families in Verona.

Peer Pressure Essays (241 words) - Human Sexuality,

Friend Pressure What is peer pressure? Companion weight can be portrayed as a constructive or antagonistic response that happens when one is affected by specific individuals. Friend pressure is continually surroIntroduction Research Question: How does sex in the media impact kids and teenagers in the United States? How would they respond to that? Sex is a major subject for teenagers and even kids. Being raised in a world with TV and radio, teenagers and youngsters are presented to much more than they ought to be at their age. I will talk about the influence that the media has on youngsters and kids in America and how they respond to this. Regardless of whether they defy it, fear it, or are attracted to it. Today it is extremely elusive teenagers and even youngsters who are virgins. Once while it was famous to be a virgin, presently it isn't. Youngsters and adolescents that are virgins are in some cases ridiculed, barred, or even lie about their virginity just to fit in. I accept that the media is so mewhat answerable for this. At the point when a kid sees individuals on the TV having intercourse, they need to go out and do something very similar. They don't comprehend what it is or how it influences you both intellectually, explicitly, genuinely, and most significant profoundly. Sex is something that ought to be put something aside for marriage, albeit a great many people experience it before at that point. Human Sexuality

Were closed for MLK Day COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Were closed for MLK Day COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog (Photo courtesy of FIUTS.org) Lifes most persistent and urgent question is: What are you doing for others?' Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. To answer that question, each year communities  come  together on the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. federal holiday  to serve their neighbors and cities. Monday, January 19, 2015 will mark the 21st year of the MLK Day of Service, which takes place on the third Monday in January. Its the only federal holiday observed as a national day of service. MLK Day is a part of United We Serve, the Presidents national call to service initiative, according to NationalService.gov. Together we can help create a global community of service. In 2014, MLK Day inspired participants to help 38,000 veterans, military families and service members receive assistance, 360,000 people receive emergency food, and 58,000 children receive tutoring and mentorship services.  Hopefully, our global communities will make those figures balloon this year! If youre interested in joining Seeple and other volunteers across the country at volunteer opportunities, visit the National Service website  and enter your location under Find a Volunteer Opportunity. For those of you in the NYC area, there are several events taking place on Monday, including stocking bookshelves at a Washington Heights bookshop, helping a New Jersey group pack  medical supplies for under-served populations, and assisting AmeriCorps members with teaching financial literacy in the East Village. Plus, you  just might run into a SIPA alumn! After all, were pretty big on helping the world become a better place, near and far. While youre volunteering, dont forget: Since  MLK Day of Service is a national holiday, Columbia University and SIPA will be closed on Monday, January 19, 2015.

Mom and Pop Shops - 1153 Words

Death of Mom-and-Pop Shops Cindy Dias English Composition II Professor James Meeze January 19, 2013 Based on my research paper and reading the information, I am going to choose how Wal-Mart is taking down mom-and-pop shops and destroying them by leaving downtown barren and empty. I am going to prove it does have some effect on small business, but also it has to do with our economy. I plan on the information and graphs I found by researching my information about how the big companies do take over some small business. I will provide a power point presentation in my research paper to also show you more information about my research paper. There is no question that Wal-Mart does cause some mom-and-pop shops to fail. However, those†¦show more content†¦Most mom-and-pop shops do not carry toasters or DVDs, and if they do they are higher in price. Will Wal-Mart take over the world? There were shops of all kinds like bakeries, shoe stores, pharmacies, and then come Wal-Mart. The mom-and-pop shops fear that giant all-in-one stores would come to small towns and squash mom-and-pop op erations, based on discounter which topped two hundred twenty six billion in 2001, irresistible for its convenience, and low prices. Wal-Mart being such a huge buyer, it is such a huge seller that it can offer customers the lowest prices and make up the difference in volume. According to this article mom-and-pop shops are gone, regional chains are gone national retailers are thinning out. â€Å"We’re left with only the very big players at the top now that Wal-Mart has chewed right up the food chain. By reading all the articles, there are facts that Wal-Mart does and does not have effects on small mom-and-pop shops. The articles I read about Wal-Mart, Home Depot, Lowes has forced the mom-and-pop shops to close. For example the two big hardware stores have not put Ace, or even True Value out of business, they still exist throughout the United States. The only thing I can see is that people are misled; Wal-Mart has low prices. I believe it has to do with our economy. Also remem ber Bradlees, Building Square, Ames, Anne Hope, all based in New England. They are like Wal-Mart and Target, but they areShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Behind A Ceo Making 600 Times More Than An Average Worker1440 Words   |  6 Pagesof large companies are making upwards of 500 times more than their average worker? And why are some CEOs only making $1 per year in salary? This paper gives a forefront for different types of CEOs, including big box retail, technology, and mom-and-pop shops, and how their salaries affect those under them. Method The Facts Twenty years ago, Chief Executive Officers of companies only made approximately 35 times more than the average hourly worker; but in 2015, that pay gap has increased exponentiallyRead MoreThe Impact Of Big Box Stores On Small Retail Shops1177 Words   |  5 Pagesthat â€Å"A recurrent criticism of these retail giants is their negative impact upon smaller, locally owned competitors†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ficano, 2013, pg. 263). Ficano identified four factors that, in theory, influence the effects of Big-Box Stores on small retail shops. First, this business model drastically alters the competitive nature of the markets in which they operate (Ficano 2013). Second, they may influence local social capital, that is, the relationship networks in the community (Goetz and Rupasingha,Read MoreThe case for walmart989 Words   |  4 Pages The Case for Wal-Mart Is Wal-mart the ideal store to shop it? Austrian economic and business professional Karen De Coster and banker Brad Edmonds believe that Wal-mart improves the lives of people in rural areas because it gives them access to a lifestyle that they would not have if Wal-mart did not exist. Karen De Coster is a freelance writer she is a graduate student in Austrian economics, and is also a business professional from Michigan. Although she has not finished her firstRead MoreLarge Corporations Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesLARGE CORPORATIONS MEAN BUSINESS! ANTHONY J. FRANKO ENG 122: ENLISH COMPOSITION II INSTRUCTOR SHANNON BILUNAS JANUARY 7, 2013 Large corporations such as Wal-Mart or Home Depot often come under criticism for putting mom-and-pop shops out of business. While this may be a valid criticism, the consumers neglect to realize that they play the biggest part in shutting these businesses down. Consumers across the country are always looking for the best deals or the lowest prices, and in most casesRead MoreWalmart Merchant of Doom1704 Words   |  7 Pages772). Walton‟s main goal was providing convenience and efficiency to his primary stakeholders: consumers. Wal-Mart has both external and internal stakeholders. I will discuss one main external stakeholder: consumers. Consumers are those people who shop directly at Wal-Mart stores or online at walmart.com. Consumers have a direct financial stake in Wal-Mart. Consumers, along with manufacturers, determine the level of profitability of WalMart. The amount of profit Wal-Mart makes depends, more or lessRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Mom And Pop Stores1540 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen a decline in â€Å"mom and pop† stores in the States. They believe that this decline is from chain stores, people do not necessary see these afflict effects that cause mom and pop stores. There are many positive effects of having a chain store close to your home, but it also can have negative effect on the community. Before diving into what the pros and cons of having a chain store or a â€Å"mom and pop† store, it is necessary to know the definition of what they are. â€Å"Mom and Pop† store is a small storeRead MoreStrategies of Successful Companies1316 Words   |  5 Pagescompany in Utah which stands out above others is the Sweet Tooth Fairy bakery. This bakery started out as a single bakery in Draper, Utah and now includes locations all over the state, such as shops open in Provo, St. George, Midvale, Orem, Salt Lake City, Layton, West Valley City, and Murray. Theres even a new shop open in Scottsdale, Arizona, which indicates that the co mpany truly has the potential to expand nationwide. Even though the field of bakeries is a truly congested and competitive, The SweetRead MoreBackground Checks1573 Words   |  7 Pagesmay even use an affiliated company for their employment screening.† Working at a small business or at a mom and pop shop is a total different ballgame than working at a major corporation. â€Å"If you get hired at a mom and pop shop they don’t take such procedures during the hiring process, (Jones, Bridgett. Personal Interview. 3 January 2012). Also concluded by Bridgett Jones, â€Å"Mom and pop shops usually hire family, or people close to family.† These are the people they trust and know what to expectRead MoreNew Era Greed Of The Grocery Store Essay924 Words   |  4 Pagesprogress. Globalization and the technological advancements have made it it difficult for the consumer to actually know what they are getting and changing the idea of the grocery store all together. C. Consumer food demands has made a corner mom- and – pop grocer to a fast, mass, and globally producing supermarket and there is a price to pay. II. Background A. Chain grocery stores started off with the Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company. Before then grocers were a small store where the storeRead MoreThe World s Largest Man1035 Words   |  5 PagesThe World s Largest Man Harrison Scott Key 331 Pages Character Identification Harrison, he is the author. His dad who is kinda a angry and violent man. His mom who is quiet and unassuming. He has a brother named bird, who is the course of the book comes out that he is a half brother. His wife is stunningly beautiful. Plot Summary This is a story of his life. He is an artsy crafty guy, an artist and his dad is a devoted hunter who is always trying to turn him around and make him kill

Emily Brown Short Story - 727 Words

â€Å"Lily Brown†, a short story by Diane Goodman, follows the working life of a young woman with an apparent disability. Working as the voice of the short story, this young woman describes her various working positions and the numerous accounts that follow. Each job position she holds further reveals more about her internal well being, struggling with her disability. Working in multiple telemarketing firms, this young woman connects people to countless products. Using exaggeration, aliases, and her soothing voice, she takes on a new character each time she picks up the phone. Early in the narrative, she claims, â€Å"I know telemarketing is my calling,† (Goodman 42) proving that she finds comfort in this job position. Hiding behind her telephone,†¦show more content†¦She comes to terms with her outward appearance to the public when she expresses their initial reactions to her. She says, â€Å"People would walk in, see me, and stop in their tracks. A couple pe ople actually gasped. People are afraid of change, I guess, but I am the master of change, so I was pretty understanding (44). Overall, this shows that she is still in denial with the reality of her situation. Having a job where her disability is not hidden, and her underlying self-consciousness consumes her subconsciousness, she attempts to find an outlet for herself. The young woman returns to the idea that she was meant to help people. She comes to this conclusion after various encounters at the grocery store, and decides to take action. She claims that, â€Å"..offering deals was what I was born to do† (45). Due to her new position at the grocery store, it is revealed that her willingness to help other people stems from the fact that she wants to give back, and give people what they need. For majority of her time, Alma has been taking care of her, giving her whatever she needs, and providing for her. The woman, not being able to repay her, finds her release in helping oth ers. At her new job, she uses this as her new escape from the reality of her disability. She creates a new bulletin board business within the grocery store. Providing and offering services of the neighbors to the store. She finds a sense of pride in her project, connectingShow MoreRelatedEssay on Hawthorne To Faulkner: The Evolution Of The Short Story1594 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Short Story Nathaniel Hawthorne and William Faulkner’s short stories â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† use a moral to endorse particular ideals or values. Through their characters examination and evaluation of one another, the author’s lesson is brought forth. The authors’ style of preaching morals is reminiscent of the fables of Aesop and the religious parables of the Old and New Testament. The reader is faced with a life lesson after reading Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown:† youRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner931 Words   |  4 PagesShort Stories A Rose for Emily is a short story written by William Faulkner. This story takes place in Faulkner s fictional city, Jefferson, Mississippi, in Yoknapatawpha County. Young Goodman Brown is a short story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. This story takes place during the 17th century and discusses the Puritan belief that all of humanity exists in a state of corruption, except those who are fortunately born into a state of grace. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Emily’s house is a commemorationRead MoreAnalysis Of A Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1407 Words   |  6 Pages204 December 15, 2015 1. Choose one story in which the setting is significant and discuss how the setting contributes to the central meaning of the story. In William Faulkner’s short story, A Rose for Emily, the southern town’s setting is a stark contrast to today’s society, where many elderly people live in poverty, receive little respect, and lose their family homes due to the inability to pay taxes. After the death of her father forty years earlier, Emily Grierson’s social and financial statusRead MoreA Stream of Consciousness in A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner745 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a short story written by American author William Faulkner and centres around an old lady named Emily. The story is written in the classic Faulkner method of a streaming consciousness. By constructing the story through use of the stream of consciousness, Faulkner is able to manipulate the predetermined short story structure and create an outstanding, critically acclaimed story. In using the thematic concept of creating contrasts between two opposing entities, Faulkner is ableRead MoreT aking Life for Granted in The Necklace, My Left Foot, and Our Town635 Words   |  3 Pagesof the characters in the stories we have read often do this. In â€Å"The Necklace†, Mathilda does this by always thinking of herself and nobody else. My Left Foot shows how Christy Brown never takes his life for granted, and by doing this it helped him overcome his disabilities. In the story Our Town not taking life for granted is one of the main themes, such as when Emily dies and George becomes very upset about it. In the story My Left Foot, Christy Brown was diagnosed at the age ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Racism In A Rose For Emily914 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"A Rose for Emily† was about how Emily Grierson was viewed as a relic that need to be preserved. The old generation allowed Emily to not pay her taxes because her father was someone important to the town, but the new generation wanted to change that. They sent many notices to her but they were not receiving any payments from her. I can connect this to a New York Times article, the article is called â€Å"Dove Drops an Ad Accused of Racism†, the article talks about how Dove and many other soap companiesRead MoreA Rose For Emily, By William Faulkner Essay2322 Words   |  10 Pagesseparate from others whereas solitude is the state of being alone. Isolation and solitude are tremendous, effective and beating emotions. They forces the capacity to devastate a people life by overpowering it with despair and murkiness. A short story, A Rose for Emily, by William Faulkner, was initially published on April 30, 1930. William Cuthbert Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi, on September 25, 1897. As he experienced childhood in New Albany, Mississippi, the Southern culture impactedRead Moreâ€Å"a Rose for Emily, † â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"Good Country People, †1823 Words   |  8 PagesIsolation: Loneliness from Society The time moves on for all people. If we cannot come to terms with that, bad things can happen. A short story, A Rose for Emil, by William Faulkner, was first published on April 30, 1930. William Cuthbert Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi, on September 25, 1897. He is one of the greatest writers in America and obtained Nobel Prize laureate. As he grew up in New Albany, Mississippi, the Southern society influenced to him. Through his works such aRead MoreA History of Submissive Women in Literature2215 Words   |  9 Pagesone that has been repressed throughout history and forced to acclimate itself to a world dominated by men. Although major improvements have been made in the strife for equality, this continues to be a man’s world. In the short stories â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† and â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† as well as in the drama â€Å"A Doll’s House,† the protagonists are all frustrated women who are unfulfilled with their subservient lives. Partly imposed upon them by their setting’s historical and societal norms, they chooseRead MoreA Rose For Emily Symbolism Analysis1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe Symbolism of the Setting in Faulkner’s and Hemingway’s Stories The place where the story is set plays the most significant role in the majority of fiction pieces, since it is the setting that outlines the plot development and influences the heroes’ decisions and general characteristics. In Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† the setting is raised to the symbolic level. When the outside portrayal does not correspond to what is happening inside the character

Micro Manufacturing Free Essays

ME 686: Micro-manufacturing Assignment 1 Study the effects of process parameters (speed, feed, depth of cut etc. ) associated with SPDT for manufacturing of micro lens let arrays. Also find out the ranges of these process parameters and values of optimal process parameters. We will write a custom essay sample on Micro Manufacturing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Submitted by: Marmeek Kishor Kumar Kosambia (09010332) Submitted to : Dr. S. N. Joshi Date of Submission: 17/01/13 Introduction A microlens array is composed of a series of micro lens distributed in a regular pattern and has been usedin a wide range of photonic products. A  micro lens  is a small  lens, generally with a  diameter  less than a  millimetre  (mm) and often as small as 10 micrometers ( µm). The small sizes of the lenses means that a simple design can give good optical quality but sometimes unwanted effects arise due to optical  diffraction  at the small features. A typical micro lens may be a single element with one plane surface and one spherical convex surface to  refract  the light. Because micro lenses are so small, the substrate that supports them is usually thicker than the lens and this has to be taken into account in the design. More sophisticated lenses may use  aspherical  surfaces and others may use several layers of optical material to achieve their design performance. Since surface roughness affects the performance of the lens, one needs to generate finely machined surface with minimum roughness Single Point Diamond Turning machining is a technique which removes materials from a few microns to sub-micron level to achieve ductile mode machining on hard-to-machine materials such as electro less nickel plating, silicon, quartz, glass and ceramics with no subsurface defects. Such a machining process is able to achieve mirror surface finish of less than 10 nm and form error of less than 1um easily. If properly applied to a specific range of diamond turnable materials, the process is far superior to grinding and polishing where shape control is more difficult and processing time is longer. The selecting and optimization of machining parameters is one of the main factors that could influence the machining accuracy. The main machining parameters are tool feed rates, spindle speed and depth of cut. The tool feed rate is normally expressed in terms of either distance travelled by the tool per unit time (mm/min) or distance travelled per unit rotation (mm/revolution). It is most common to see the distance per revolution as it is directly related to the anticipated theoretical surface finish. For a given tool feed rate, larger the tool nose radius, lower the roughness and the better the optical surface finish. The surface quality depends to great extents on the material characteristics like: grain size, micro structure or crystal boundary, crystal uniformity and annealing procedures adopted. Casual selection of combination of machining parameters may affect the surface quality, so it is required to optimize the machining parameters before final SPDT process. Machining of aspheric surface is more complicated than spherical and flat surfaces because of complicated tool path and uneven material removal. To achieve required profile tool path should be optimized. Surface roughness with respect to variable Feed rate Feed rate is most important parameter and variation of this havea great impact on the surface finish. Theoretical surface finishdepends on feed rate and tool radius. Depth of cut 2 ? m andRPM 1000 kept constant and tool feed rate is varied from 0. 5? m/rev to 5. 0 ? m/rev. the results of the experiments are asfollows. From the above experiments, it is observed that the surface finish is going down as we reduce feed. The surface roughness is 54. 8 nm at feed 0. 5 ? m where the depth of cut is 2 ? m and 1000 RPM was maintained. It is investigated that although look of the surface was good but it is not of optical quality at these parameters. We have varied the depth of cut at feed rate of 0. 5. Surface roughness with respect to variable depth of cut From the above experiments, it is observed that the surface finish is depending on the depth of cut but its behavior is different. As we increase the doc from 1? m to 2 ? m the roughness decrease from 117 nm to 54 nm and again increase the roughness on of doc. Same is again repeated on 8 ? m doc. The surface roughness is 54. 8 nm at feed 0. 5 ? m/rev where the depth of cut is 2 ? m and 1000 RPM. But it is investigated that surface is not optical at these parameters, the surface quality was dull after 10 ? m doc and there no use of increasing the doc more than 10 ? m. From the above experiments, it is observed that the surface finish is depending on the depth of cut but its behavior is different. As we increase the doc from 1? m to 2 ? m the roughness decrease from 117 nm to 54 nm and again increase the roughness on of doc. Same is again repeated on 8 ? m doc. The surface roughness is 54. 8 nm at feed 0. 5 ? m/rev where the depth of cut is 2 ? m and 1000 RPM. But it is investigated that surface is not optical at these parameters, the surface quality was dull after 10 ? m doc and there no use of increasing the doc more than 10 ? m. Surface roughness with respect to variable RPM From the last experiment we have seen that the depth of cut 2 ? m giving the better surface. During this experiment feed rate 0. 5 ? m/rev and depth of cut remained unchanged and RPM varied from 800 to 4000, to get the further better surface on the work piece. Analysis of turned work piece at different RPM is carried out. Output result is shown in above table. By experiments we have seen that polycarbonate surface turned to the surface finish of below 25 nm, which is achieved at RPM 3000. A good surface finish is achieved at 800 RPM also but it is not economical. At RPM 1500 we have observed the star pattern on surface of PC. So, RPM 3000, Feed 0. 5 ? m/rev and depth of cut 2 ? m are the optimum parameters where optical surface is achieved. An empirical formula is developed for predicting surface roughness of diamond turned polycarbonate at different turning parameters (feed rate, depth of cut and RPM). Empirical formula is derived as follows. Optimum turning parameter are suggested where the optical surface finish in obtained. Tool feed rate : 0. 5 ? m/revolution Depth of cut : 2 ? m RPM : 3000 Tool Path Compensation Another study shows the greatest challenge lies in selecting the optimum combination of the process parameters to get the best surface quality. The parameters chosen for optimization are as: Spindle speed (SS), Feed rate (TFR), Depth of cut (DoC). Another parameter to optimize the machining is the tool path. The tool path compensation cycle starts with the definition of desired aspheric surface by the conic equation: It is observed that by modifying the tool path, profile error ofaspheric surface is significantly reduced. The comparison between aspheric figure error, before and after tool path compensation is given in Table-4. Conclusions: 1) Tool feed is the dominant parameter for surface roughness followed by the spindle rotational speed. Depth of cut shows minimal effect on surface roughness compared to other parameters. 2) Depth of cut is the leading parameter for peak to valley error, followed by spindle rotational speed. Feed rate does not have considerable effect on Pt. 3) Effect of depth of cut on Pt varies with spindle speed. However, for achieving good optical surface on the polycarbonate work piece, lower depth of cut is preferred. 4) Spindle rotational speed of 2000rpm, tool feed rate of1? m/rev and depth of cut of 2? are selected for precisemachining of polycarbonate. 5) The process of the optimization of tool path helps to optimize the machining process further. References: 1. V. SainiD. SharmaS. KallaT. Chouhan, ‘Optimization of Process Parameters to Achieve Nano LevelSurface Quality on Polycarbonate’, Proceedings of the International Conference on Manufacturing Excellence, 2012 2. N. KhatriV. MishraR. G. V. Sarepaka, ‘Optimisation of process parameter in ultra-precisiondiamond turning of polycarbonate material’, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 888) Volume 48– No. 13, June 2012 How to cite Micro Manufacturing, Papers

Work in Aviation and Medicine †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Work in Aviation and Medicine. Answer: Introduction: Australian economy is one of the fastest growing economy in the western nations that has been growing through its 27th consecutive growth stage (McCombie Thirlwall, 2016). With the aim to achieve sustainability Australian economy is cannon balling the annual growth rate with the rapid production in the mining industry as well as substantial improvement in the GDP share of the service sector (Byrne, Fernald Reinsdorf, 2016). In addition to this, it has been found that the economy is having high flow of foreign tourists to the Australia that has been making it one of the sustainable economy in the world. Well, in this regard it is important to mention that various Australian airline industry plays a significant role in the growth of the countrys GDP. Combining all the airline industries, it can be seen that they represent 1.2% of countrys GDP and has produced more than 35,000 jobs in the economy (Zhang et al. 2018). Considering the importance of the airline industry in the Australian economy, this report is aimed to study the airline market with special focus to the Qantas airline and find out the insight details regarding the market structure of the same. In addition to this, the report is aimed to provide economic interpretation of the market structure and provide contrast to the characteristics of the chosen industry. C and it is the third oldest airline in the world. Introduced back in 1920, it was initially focused to provide air service to the domestic passengers and during 1935 it went for its first international flight (Shaffner, Mills Helms, 2017). According to the statistics of 2014, Qantas is accounted for 65% of providing service to 65% of domestic customers and when it comes to the international customers then it enjoys a healthy share of 14.9% out of total out going passengers (Domestic aviation activity, 2018). It has at least 11 subsidiaries, which are focused on the trunk roads to gain higher amount of profit and deter the new entrants to enter into the Australian airline industry. Since 2008 post recession though the profit share of the Qantas has fell substantially, however it enjoys sustainable income from its domestic and international flights combined. The firm has produced 29,596 employment in the year 2017 and with the 806% of passenger load factor it can be stated that the f irm is performing goof business with their effective strategies to control the market (Australia domestic airline market outlook, 2018). Structure of the selected industry: Australian airline market is a duopoly market, which is another type of oligopoly. In Australian airline industry there are only two large players who enjoy 92% of the market share making the existence of the other players minimal (Forsyth, 2018). Under the duopoly market structure the Qantas is accounted to 62% of the market share alone and its nearest competitor, which is virgin blue enjoys 30% of the total airline market share (Australian Airline Industry Parliament of Australia, 2018). According to the same source, contrary to Qantas and Virgin Blue, 8% of the market share is enjoyed by the other firms. However, post 2002, Australian airline market was an oligopoly market, where the large three players were present, namely Qantas, Virgin Blue and the Ansett and there were small regional airline service providers too who used to enjoy considerable amount of market share. During that time Qantas was accounted for 39% of total airline market share and the market leader was Ansett w ith market share of more than 42% (Domestic aviation activity, 2018). However, post 2003, Ansett closed its operation and the market transformed into a duopoly market, where only two players, namely Virgin Blue and Qantas operate and the prior one has become the market leader with 62% of market share (Australia domestic airline market outlook, 2018). Considering the market share statistics, it can be seen that that the present firms are highly diverse in case of market share that makes it hard for the Virgin Blue with the Qantas. And on the other hand trunk airlines are nowhere near to the potential of the Qantas that has made it the market leader as well as the price setter. In addition to this, it has also been seen that the trunk airline duopoly has went to an end during 2003 due to the absence of Ansett all the market share has been absorbed by the Qantas (Helmreich Merritt, 2017). Thus, though prior to 2003, Australian airline industry was an oligopoly market, however, over th e time in absence of Ansett it has become a duopoly market. And when the trunk road is considered, then it is a monopoly market, where the market is controlled by the Qantas. The selected industry is an Australian airline industry, which operates under the duopoly framework. According to the duopoly model of economy, it is a special form of oligopoly where the number of market player is limited to two. Considering the case of the Australian airline industry it can be seen that the Australian airline has two market player, which are namely Qantas and Virgin Blue that makes it a duopoly market (Zhang, Sampaio Fu, 2016). On the other hand oligopoly is the market framework, where the number of players in the market is higher than two. Under the duopoly market, products are differentiated and each product have some amount of customer loyalty that provides the firm some amount of monopoly power (Feng, Li Li, 2014). On the other hand like oligopoly as the policy to promote the product, duopoly utilize the advertising technique and for deterring the new entrants brand loyalty as well as price cut is utilized by the firms. In case of the Australian airline indus try same principal can be observed, where the market is controlled by the Qantas that provides it much amount of monopoly power and along with the brand preference of customers the Australian airline deters the new entrants through price cut or coordinating pricing strategy. Characteristics of the chosen industry: As it has been observed through analysing the Australian airline industry, there are only two prominent market players are present. These are Qantas and the other one Virgin Blue. When it comes to the number of sellers, then there is more than 5.28 million passengers in Australia who uses Australian airline service as their medium of transportation frequently (Andrew et al., 2015). Australian market performs under the duopoly framework and analysing the same, it can be seen that the airline duopoly of Australia is potent to deter any new entrants. Both the firms are almost same in size considering the actual potential of them, thus it makes the chances for the new entrant to penetrate the market is almost zero (Baker, Merkert Kamruzzaman, 2015). Though the competition between the Qantas and Virgin Blue is not as much severe as it used to be between the Qantas and the Ansett, however both of them are not willing to let the other player enter into the market. Thus there is entry barriers to a high magnitude and when it comes to exit, then the firm faces barriers too. Considering the case of the Ansett, it can be seen that the firm has lost all of its physical capitals that has caused them good amount of loos. Thus the barrier in the case of exit is also present. Considering the duopoly market structure, Qantas in short run earn normal profit, where the price equilibrium occurs where the marginal cost and average cost equates. On the other hand during long run Qantas enjoys supernormal profit, because the willingness to pay is higher compared to the prevailing market price (Goeters, 2017). Price determination: Between the two market players, Qantas is the largest one which enjoys almost 62% of market share; on the other hand only 30% of market share is enjoyed by the Virgin blue ("Australian Airline Industry Parliament of Australia", 2018). That makes the Qantas market leader. However, when the potential of the firms are judged, they are almost same, that makes the situation tough for both the firm. Though the price is being determined by the Qantas, however, when it comes to leisure travel, then Virgin Blue is the market leader. Under duopoly market structure, other than price competition there need to non-price competition too. In case of the Australian airline industry, it uses advertising and brand loyalty along with the price cutting as the means of non-price competition. Conclusion: From the above discussion it can be seen that the Australian airline industry is a duopoly framework, where only two large players namely, Qantas and Virgin Blue operates. Due to the considerable amount of market share, Qantas acts as the market leader and decides the price. On the other hand, the firms opts for collusive pricing strategy in order to reduce the monopoly power of each other. Thus to conclude, it can be stated that through the duopoly airline market structure, Australian economy has performed well, that has shared substantial amount of share to GDP and produced great amount of job annually. Reference: Andrew, E., De Wit, A., Meadley, B., Cox, S., Bernard, S., Smith, K. (2015). Characteristics of patients transported by a paramedic-staffed helicopter emergency medical service in Victoria, Australia.Prehospital Emergency Care,19(3), 416-424. Australia domestic airline market outlook: Qantas Group reins in capacity as Virgin continues growth. (2018).CAPA - Centre for Aviation. Retrieved 16 April 2018, from https://centreforaviation.com/insights/analysis/australia-domestic-airline-market-outlook-qantas-group-reins-in-capacity-as-virgin-continues-growth-218946 Australian Airline Industry Parliament of Australia. (2018).Aph.gov.au. Retrieved 16 April 2018, from https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp0203/03RP10#aair Baker, D., Merkert, R., Kamruzzaman, M. (2015). Regional aviation and economic growth: cointegration and causality analysis in Australia.Journal of Transport Geography,43, 140-150. Byrne, D. M., Fernald, J. G., Reinsdorf, M. B. (2016). Does the United States have a productivity slowdown or a measurement problem?.Brookings Papers on Economic Activity,2016(1), 109-182. Domestic aviation activity. (2018).Bitre.gov.au. Retrieved 16 April 2018, from https://bitre.gov.au/statistics/aviation/domestic.aspx Feng, Y., Li, B., Li, B. (2014). Price competition in an oligopoly market with multiple iaas cloud providers.IEEE Transactions on Computers,63(1), 59-73. Forsyth, P. (2018). Predatory Behaviour in Australian Aviation Markets. InCompetition versus Predation in Aviation Markets(pp. 81-94). Routledge. Goeters, K. M. (Ed.). (2017). Aviation Psychology: Practice and Research. Routledge. Helmreich, R. L., Merritt, A. C. (2017).Culture at work in aviation and medicine: National, organizational and professional influences. Routledge. McCombie, J., Thirlwall, A. P. (2016).Economic growth and the balance-of-payments constraint. Springer. Shaffner, E., Mills, A. J., Helms Mills, J. C. (2017). Reading Qantas History: Discourses of Intersectionality and the Early Years of Qantas. InInsights and Research on the Study of Gender and Intersectionality in International Airline Cultures(pp. 445-469). Emerald Publishing Limited. Zhang, Y., Sampaio, B., Fu, X. (2016). Duopoly competition between airline groups with dual-brand services: the case of the Australian domestic market.

Fusion Essays (494 words) - Environmental Isotopes,

Fusion Energy From Nuclear Fusion Nuclear Fusion is the energy-producing process which takes place continuously in the sun and stars. In the core of the sun at temperatures of 10-15 million degrees Celsius, Hydrogen is converted to Helium providing enough energy for us to sustain life on earth. For energy production on earth, different fusion reactions are involved. The most suitable reaction occurs between the nuclei of the two light forms (isotopes) of Hydrogen - Deuterium and Tritium; eventually reactions involving just Deuterium or Deuterium and Helium may be used. A brief breakdown of the fuels used are as follows, Deuterium is a very abundant isotope of hydrogen and can be extracted from all forms of water, Tritium is not as abundant and is not a natural isotope, instead a machine is needed to extract it from lithium. Lithium, which is the lightest of all metals is plentiful on the earths crust, there is so much on the crust that right now they say there is enough to provide the planet with over a thousand years of electricity. Fusion power offers the potential of an almost limitless source of energy for future generations but it also presents some formidable scientific and engineering challenges. It is called 'fusion' because it is based on fusing light nuclei such as hydrogen isotopes to release energy. Effective energy-producing fusions require that gas from a combination of isotopes of hydrogen - deuterium and tritium - is heated to very high temperatures (100 million degrees centigrade) and confined for at least one second. One way to achieve these conditions is to use magnetic confinement. The Colliding Beam Fusion Reactor is a magnetic confinement system that avoids the typical anomalous transport (refers to all processes in which loss of particles or energy takes place - it is due to a variety of instabilities that lead to turbulence). The reactor is compact with good accessibility and low maintenance costs. Most of the technologies needed to evaluate this concept exist, or could become available with simple engineering modifications to existing technologies. Some of the advantages of using fusion as a source of energy are, that the fuels are plentiful, and will last for years, very safe to people because any malfunction results in immediate shutdown, also, there is no atmospheric pollution which can lead to harmful things such as acid rain or the greenhouse effect, and finally there is no need for disposal of materials. An example of just how much power this procedure produces is that, with 10 grams of Deuterium, which can be extracted from 500 liters of water, and 15g of Tritium, produced from 30g of Lithium would produce enough fuel for the lifetime electricity needs of an average person in an industrialized country. In closing I would like to add my personal opinion about nuclear fusion, I feel that it is an excellent source of energy for our planet to have, and although it is not available for home use as of yet, you can expect to have this great power source in your home within the next 25 years. Bibliography encarta 96, fusion Science Essays

Accounting-System in Switzerland essays

Accounting-System in Switzerland essays Brainstorming: Accounting of Switzerland 4 We have chosen the Switzerland for several reasons. First of all Swiss accounting is neither examined in our textbook nor is it one of our native countries. This was one of the requirements of the exercise. Then we thought that Switzerland is interesting because of its cultural background. There are four languages spoken in the Switzerland, which is enclosed by 5 neighbours (Germany, France, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria). The Swiss adopted the language of Germany, France and Italy and that led us to the assumption that the Swiss accounting probably might be influenced by at least one or even more of its neighbours. Another reason choosing Switzerland was the well-known banking secrecy and the importance of privacy and secrecy in general. To get informations about Swiss accounting we looked at the articles in newspapers, books, magazines and the Internet. Interestingly it seemed that even the professionals wrangle with the challenges of switching the accounting system. Because Switzerland isnt a member of the European Union it was interesting to examine to which extent the EU policy in terms of accounting influences Swiss accounting. Brainstorming: Accounting of Switzerland Switzerland has only very few natural resources and a restricted surface area (~ 41 million km ², 60% of the surface is alpine area) (source: derweg.org/laender/schweiz/schweieinf.htm). Foreign trade is essential for its wealth. The total population of about 7,200,000 and - associated with that - a relatively small domestic market is another factor which forced Swiss manufacturers to look for cross border trade. They need foreign markets in order to make investment in research and development worthwhile. The constitution of Switzerland was published in 1848 and guarantees freedom of the press and settlement, religious and association liberty. Paragon for the swiss institution was the institut...

Biomedical issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biomedical issues - Essay Example As it is the most dangerous forms and caused by the effect of the carcinogens, the early detection and treatment are the important issues. The tobacco smoking and limitation of the other carcinogens’ effect should be also taken into account. Lung cancer is a carcinoma or a cancer that develops from the epithelial cells. Lung cancer evokes in the lungs where these cell are genetically damaged. There are three main forms of damages: squamous dysplasia/carcinoma in situ, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (Kernstine and Reckamp, 2011: 35). These cells start to proliferate creating the tumour. If the tumour remains untreated, the cancer cells can be transported to the other tissues creating the metastases. Typically, 7-15 are necessary for the tumour development (Eckard and Kimmis, 2009: 12). There are two main types of lung cancer: small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). 10-15 % of the lung cancers are SCLC. The rest is NSCLC In case of small-cell lung cancer small cancer cells create tumours in the lung. These small cell may also penetrate to the other tissues. In case of non–small-cell lung cancer the cancer cells are seen under the microscope as relatively larger. The presented classification is used for the treatment of the disease (Eckard and Kimmis, 2009: 13). The symptoms of the lung cancer can classified on the local and distant effects. Typical local effects are connected with the lung damages and include cough, wheezing, shortened breath and pains in chest. The most common distant effect is weight loss. Some forms of lung cancer may cause hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. The detectable symptoms mean that the disease has already been developed within the body (Churg et al., 2011: 447-450). The effect of the carcinogens is the main cause of lung cancer. Smoking (including second hand smoking) is the common

In-depth analysis research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

In-depth analysis - Research Paper Example However, there are concerns that his conservative media appearances are not desirable. This may have ethical implications to stakeholders and the public because they seem not to have adequate avenues to engage with their Governor. The second news item is titled â€Å"Super PAC cash plays big role in Nebraska Senate race.† This item illustrates political interplays that take place towards election of a state senator. It is agreeable that the position of Senator has some responsibilities; a fact that informs various stakeholders’ decision to support a certain candidate who they feel will perform his mandate effectively. However, financial support by various stakeholders may have ethical implications as the ultimate winner of the Senate elections may be tempted to make decisions based on the some of the wishes of his â€Å"supporters† which may not be in the interest of the other stakeholders. The third item is titled â€Å"New GOP super PAC aimed at attracting you th vote.† These items shows the desire of the Republicans to attract the youth vote as part of its agenda to address the high unemployment that has disillusioned the youths over the years (The Center for Public Integrity, 2012). ... The agency is non partisan and it is dedicated to producing investigative journalism on public concern issues. It operates in the political context which is conducive which enables it undertake its objectives effectively and with little or no political challenges at all. Internal agency leaders and political leaders have influenced the success of the agency in the following three ways. The first way is through the non-partisan approach that the internal agency leaders have adopted in the running of the agency’s activities which has enabled it to encounter minimal criticisms regarding partisanship. The second way is by operating its investigative journalism activities by putting the interest of the public first and adhering to integrity and honesty principles in its activities (The Center for Public Integrity, 2012). This has enabled it gain credibility from the public thus making it successful. The third way is through the political leaders; they have had faith on the agency a nd very few have raised pertinent concerns regarding the agency and its activities. Also, internal agency leaders have greatly influenced the success of the agency in the sense that the agency focuses on the abuses of power, duty dereliction by powerful private and public institutions thereby winning public support. Legal Decisions Ideally, the power that The Centre for Public Integrity has as an agency in enforcing the regulations they are asked to uphold is limited. Often, this agency together with others are commissioned by certain state agencies, private and public organizations to investigate integrity, governance, administrative, and accountability aspects in a particular State or

Secondary Air Damper Control in Boiler

Secondary Air Damper Control in Boiler In this proposed work, design and development of controlling Secondary air dampers in a draft system of a power plant which is presently working on DCS technique has been accomplished by using high computing software ARDUINO and results has been shown with suitable simulation in VISUAL BASICS. The goal of this work is to control the air dampers in a different way according to the unit load thereby increasing the boiler efficiency and to reduce the pollution. A set of six interlock conditions were provided for this purpose. Since DCS is applicable only for big system not less than 5000 input and output but this is costly. It consists of separate server, processor and computers where as ARDUINO does not require a separate processor, no workstation, no operator station here directly connect interfacing card with computer itself. Keywords- Secondary air dampers, Draft system, ARDUINO, Power plant (TTPS), Software control. I. INTRODUCTION In power plant boilers, the draft is obtained by means of fans namely Forced draft and Induced draft fan. The FD and ID fans develop enough draft to move the tremendous volume of air and gases through the flue gas ducts and stack to atmosphere maintaining a balanced draft in the furnace. The secondary air for combustion primarily enters into the windbox. The wind box assembly is a tall structure divided in its height into thirteen compartments which houses 6 no. of Coal nozzles and 5 auxiliary air nozzles alternatively at different elevations from top to bottom. Louvre dampers named as secondary air dampers each of which is operated by an individual damper drive cylinder located at the side of the wind box. The coal nozzle elevations are designated as A,B,C,D,E,F elevation from bottom to top, the bottom end air and top end air elevations as AA and FF respectively. The auxiliary air nozzles in between coal elevations are designated as elevations AB,BC,CD,DE,EF. The furnace corners are designated as corner 1, 2, 3 and 4 in clockwise direction. The heat released in the furnace is received by the Water/steam/air to the maximum extent to have boiler efficiency of the order of 86%. II. OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE OF SECONDARY AIR The operation of the auxiliary and fuel air dampers in the windbox assemblies are affected by the FSSS. A. Auxiliary air dampers: During the furnace purge period and initial operations up to 30% boiler loading all elevations of auxiliary and end air dampers modulate to maintain a predetermined (approx. 40 mmWC) set point differential pressure between windbox to furnace. 30 to 40% of total air flow to have an air rich furnace will be supplied during the above period to avoid unhealthy furnace conditions. When the unit load exceeds 30% MCR, the differential pressure set point is changed and ramps to a higher setting (approx. 100 mmWC). Simultaneously, the auxillary air dampers associated with coal or oil elevations not in service close in timed sequence starting with the upper elevation of dampers and progressing to the lowest elevation. When the unit loading is reduced below 30% loading, the auxillary air dampers open in a timed sequence starting with the lowest elevation of dampers. Simultaneously, the differential set point changes to its lowest setting. All the auxillary air dampers maintain the status quotient upon a boiler trip and will open fully when both the FD fans are off. The bottom end air damper is normally kept open to a fixed predetermined position to reduce unburnt coal dust fall out. B. Fuel (oil) air dampers: Elevation AB, CD and EF dampers modulate according to the oil header pressure when heavy oil is being fired. Otherwise they open and close with the rest of the aux air dampers. Elevation AB dampers are kept at a fixed opening when light oil is being fired. C. Fuel (coal) air dampers: Their operations are independent of Boiler load. All coal air dampers are normally closed. They open fifty seconds after the associated feeder is started, and modulate as a function of feeder speed. Fifty seconds after the coal feeders are removed from service, the associated fuel air dampers close. The fuel (coal) air dampers open fully, when both FD fans are off or when the boiler trips on master fuel trip. Importance of secondary air: Protect Boiler Equipments Control the Pollution Improve the Efficiency of the Boiler III.METHODOLOGY This project is to automatically control the air inlets that are termed as dampers which are operated using pneumatic valves. The pneumatic valves are controlled by sensors depending on the windbox to furnace differential pressure. Thus this project controls dampers based on arduino coding And its visually displayed in visual basics. This forms the basic methodology for this project. A. Hardware Description: The hardware components consist of 4potentiometers of range 10kà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦. These are assumed to be the coal mills/diesel input i.e. inputs for coal. Secondary air dampers are present near all coal and diesel elevations. The percentage opening of a damper depends on the amount of coal/diesel input. Therefore variation of potentiometers indicate amount of coal/diesel input. The damper opening depends on the variable point of the potentiometers. 4 potentiometers are so connected for explanation and they are connected to the A/D convertor pins of AT MEGA 8.0 controller. Then the freeduino board in which the AT MEGA 8.0 is fixed is connected to PC and arduino coding is uploaded in the controller. Then VB shows graphical representation of percentage of damper opening and all other factors. B. Software Description: The software coding was developed based on several conditions on which the secondary air damper openings depend. These form the base for developing a program. These conditions are based on some fixed values and formulas. As already mentioned the percentages of secondary air damper opening depend on the amount of fuel input to the furnace. The algorithm for visual basics coding are as below. 1) Operation Of Coal Elevation Dampers: (A, B, C, D, E, F) The coal dampers at elevations A, B, C, D, E and F will be fed with coal depending on the load of the power plant. Feeding (30 tonnes per hour) any three of these coal elevations is sufficient enough to supply the predetermined full load (210 MW) of the unit. All dampers always have a minimum opening of 30%. In general,less than 20% of the secondary air to the fireball will maintain substoichiometric combustion which limits the flame temperature of the fireball and provides the curtain of secondary air over the walls. The curtain of secondary air militates against the formation of slag on the furnace walls. All this proportioning of the air requires tools of adjustment available to the furnace operator. The dampers modulate according to coal input in three different ways as: When coal is fed into a particular(own) elevation ,the corresponding air damper starts modulating based on the fuel input to let the secondary air required for the combustion of given input. Rather when coal is fed into an (auxillary) elevation adjacent to a particular damper, the damper modulates to maintain the windbox to furnace differential pressure, thereby controlling the constant negative pressure essential to create swirling fireballs of combustion in tangentially fired boilers. When the condition of tripping the whole unit arises, all the six coal elevation dampers are opened to100 % (maximum). When there is no fuel input in any of the above elevations then the dampers will be in minimum opening position. (0%) 2) Operation of oil elevation dampers (AB, BC, CD, DE, EF): Oil is used as fuel input during startup and during scarcity of coal. Each pair of coal nozzle elevations is served by one elevation of oil burners (4 nos. /elevation) located in the auxiliary air nozzle. Thus 12 oil guns, non retractable type, are accommodated in the three elevations AB, CD and EF. Heavy fuel oil can be fired at the oil guns of all these three elevations, whereas light fuel oil (High speed diesel oil) can also be fired at AB elevation. Each oil gun is associated with a retractable high energy arc (HEA) igniter, arranged at the side of the oil gun in the auxiliary air compartment and they directly light up the oil guns. The dampers modulate according to oil input in three different ways as: When oil is fed into a particular(own) elevation ,the corresponding air damper starts modulating based on the fuel input to let the secondary air required for the combustion of given input. When steam input is higher than 30% with adjacent elevation opened then windbox to furnace differential pressure is maintained. Rather when oil is fed into an (auxillary) elevation adjacent to a particular damper, the damper modulates to maintain the windbox to furnace differential pressure, thereby controlling the constant negative pressure essential to create swirling fireballs of combustion in tangentially fired boilers. When the condition of tripping the whole unit arises, all the oil elevation dampers are opened to 100 % (maximum). When there is no fuel input in any of the above elevations then the dampers will be in minimum opening position. (0%) 3) Operation of AA, FF elevation dampers: The AA elevation of air damper is always fully (100%) opened and the FF elevation is always closed to enhance combustion. Thus the coding for the project is developed based on  the conditions of the coal and oil inputs. IV. SEQUENCE OF OPERATION The opening of dampers depends on the load and coal input. The above table I illustrate the percentage of coal input in each mill for given percentage of load. Here 30 Tonnes/Hr of coal is the 100% input and 10 Kg/cm2 of oil is the 100% input of oil. When unit load is 50%, then coal mills A, B are in full operation and C mill operates 10% with AB elevation having oil. For a load of 60%, coal mills A, B, C will operate till 30% and mill D has 10% input. AB oil elevation is fed with full percentage of oil. If the load is 70%, then there is no need for oil but coal mills A, B, C, and D are fed with maximum input. For 90% ,there is no need for oil but the coal mills A, B, C, D is fed with maximum input and E with 20% of fuel input. For 100% load, all the coal elevations are fed with maximum input. V. SIMULATION RESULTS Visual Basic is a third-generation event-driven programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft for its COM programming model first released in 1991. Visual Basic was derived from BASIC and enables the rapid application development (RAD) of graphical user interface (GUI) applications, access to databases using Data Access Objects, Remote Data Objects, or ActiveX Data Objects, and creation of ActiveX controls and objects. VBA is effectively the same language as Visual Basic but VBA-code is tied to Microsoft Office and can only run within that environment. A programmer can put together an application using the components provided with Visual Basic itself. The four fuel inputs are received via the potentiometer to the AT MEGA 8 microcontroller. The variation of potentiometers indicate amount of coal/diesel input. The damper opening depends on the variable point of the potentiometers. The controller board is connected to PC and arduino coding is uploaded in the controller. Then VB is used for graphical representation of damper opening. The simulation results showing the air dampers status variation according to the various input set points is as follows: The amount of coal input given is shown in the above fig 5. This show the percentage of input given, timer, coal mill that is active, amount of load, steam input set point and steam input in percentage. This form shows all the elevation of dampers and denotes the damper that is open and the percentage of damper opening is also shown. In addition to that reactive power produced for corresponding load is also calculated. VI CONCLUSION Based on the graphical programming language and the data stream operating mode, the software instead of apparatus, the use of virtual instrument technology has opened up our new field of control. Compared to the traditional control it has obvious advantages. Programming is simple by the graphical programming language. A form of visual basics personalizes button design and layout, with the virtual knobs and switches to struck the friendly human, intuitive control interface makes vivid, so that the operators are involved in the operation easier to control the process and results at a glance. The main advantage of controlling secondary air dampers by using arduino is lesser cost as compared to DCS technique, since the interfacing of inputs and outputs are directly given to the PC (which works as work station i.e. block panel and operator station i.e. front panel) .This paper was made in a Coal Based Thermal power plant at tuticorin, TTPS as the existing is running on DCS system. VII ABBREVIATIONS: DCS Distributed Control System FSSS Furnace Safeguard Supervision System FD fan Forced Draft Fan ID fan Induced Draft Fan ADC Analog to Digital converter PC Personal Computer VB Visual Basic 6.0 Draft difference of pressure causing flow of air Elevation -position of dampers Windbox -secondary air storage compartment between FD fan and furnace.

Leading Teams Essay

The following report presents an analysis of Shell Oil, and the ways in which it incorporates team leadership concepts in balancing stakeholder needs. Stakeholders are defined in The Times 100 case study Balancing Stakeholder Needs as â€Å"anyone who has an interest in what a business does or an influence on the business†. The case study continues on to identify Shell’s stakeholders as shareholders, employees, suppliers, customers, local communities, and interest groups. It is vitally important for large corporations such as Shell to balance the needs of these parties, in order to ensure profitable, safe and continuous operations. In order to do so, Shell must consider what the needs of each of these groups are, and how to use leadership to control the effects of conflicting needs. a) Making reference to appropriate theory what aspects of leadership and team dynamics may Shell have considered when considering their approach to balancing Stakeholder needs? The leadership tactics employed by Shell in balancing stakeholder needs will be varied, but will no doubt include an assessment of its vision and principles, the corporate leadership style, and how to construct its teams to maximise performance. The statement â€Å"Begin with the end in mind† (Covey 2004 cited Benson and Rice 2009a, p.3), gives a fair indication as to the purpose and necessity of a corporate vision. Where is the business going, and how is it going to get there? An essential element to leadership, a vision defines the goal that everyone in the company should be working towards. Kotter (1990, p.105) suggests that a key part of vision is â€Å"how well it serves the interests of important constituencies†. In other words, Shell should display balanced stakeholders needs in the company vision. According to Nanus (1992 cited Southwest Educational Development Laboratory, 1993), a vision should also display the following  characteristics, which Shell would likely have taken into account for each group of stakeholders: * Attracts commitment and energises people * Creates meaning in workers lives * Establishes a standard of excellence * Bridges the present to the future * Transcends the status quo. Shell publishes its vision, along with its core values and other operating principles in the Shell General Business Principles, which is widely communicated, and available for download from the company’s website. Shell has clearly recognised for quite some time the value and necessity for a vision in balancing needs, as the first set of principles was originally published in 1976 (Royal Dutch Shell plc 2005). It is important to separate leadership from management. Kotter (1990, p.104) states that â€Å"Management is about coping with complexity†, and that â€Å"Leadership, by contrast, is about coping with change.† And what is a vision, if not an anticipated change to the company? The management of change is a key role of leadership. The recent corporate restructuring and appointment of a new CEO in July 2009 (Wighton 2010), shows that Shell’s leaders are required to consistently react to changes such as market conditions, and adjust its focus to ensure al l stakeholder needs are still being met. The study of leadership in general has led to many differing leadership theories, which can essentially be divided into two categories; Behaviour Models, and Situational Leadership. Behaviour Models tend to address the personal traits of the individual leader, and Situational Leadership addresses a customisation of style to each new situation. While it is possible to apply some Behaviour Model theories to an organisation, it is more likely that Shell apply Situational Leadership methods, altering the balance of task vs. relationship dependent on which stakeholder group is being considered. Shell will also have spent considerable time finding the most effective teams for their business profile. Owing to the highly technical nature of Shell’s operations, there is a good possibility that it uses expert teams to ensure that shareholder needs are incorporated at every level of the organisation. For example, and expert in say, oil drilling, may not have the expertise to determine what effects a proposed course of action would have on the local  community. It is worth noting however, that it may be time for Shell to re-evaluate the effectiveness of its teams. Wighton (2010) reports that Shell has been â€Å"plagued by delays and budget overruns on big projects†, indicating that its teams are not performing. To ensure that stakeholder needs are being met, Shell will have incorporated ways in which to monitor and control performance within the organisation. Shell begins by reporting. It reports on several sectors of the business, to include annual financial reports, which are particularly relevant to shareholders, and sustainability reporting, which will be of interest to local communities and interest groups (Shell International B.V. 2010a). It became apparent, through the annual reporting to their shareholders in May 2009 that Shell had misinterpreted its shareholders needs. This resulted in a tense annual meeting where the shareholders voted 60% against the proposed incentive scheme for executives, which would have seen top executives receive large bonuses, even if they failed to meet performance targets (Lindsay and Pagnamenta 2010) b) How may Shell’s approach to balancing Stakeholder need’s impact upon employee motivation? There are two major motivational theories which are widely used in the field of management; Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory (1959 cited Boddy 2008, p. 500-502), and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (1970 cited Boddy 2008, p. 494-497). The Two Factor theory suggests that there are two elements to motivation, Motivating Factors, and Hygiene Factors. Motivating Factors contribute to an employee’s satisfaction, and Hygiene Factors contribute to their dissatisfaction. The theory identifies these factors as: Motivating Factors| Hygiene Factors| Achievement| Company Policies| Recognition| Supervision| The work itself| Relationship with Supervisor and Peers| Responsibility| Work conditions| Advancement| Salary| Growth| Status| | Security| Herzberg went on to conclude that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not opposites. The opposite of satisfaction is no satisfaction, with the opposite of dissatisfaction being no dissatisfaction. In other words, the absence of Motivating factors does not create dissatisfaction, and the existence of the Hygiene Factors does not create satisfaction. On the other hand, in the Hierarchy of Needs, Maslow speculates that everyone has a prescribed set of needs that must be met in a certain order, as follows: Maslow maintains that employees begin by looking to fill Physiological needs, for example a properly heated/cooled workplace. Only when Physiological needs are met, or mostly met, will an employee seek to fulfil their Security needs, for example a permanent contract. And so on through the other needs. Both of these theories have identified common areas of motivation relating to security (job security, salary), recognition (status, advancement, self-esteem, rewards), and job development (growth, achievement, self actualisation, responsibility). Regardless of which theory, if any, that Shell has chosen to adopt, these are the basic employee needs that they will need to have taken into account. It is a widely held belief that employees are a company’s greatest asset, which means that their role as stakeholders is an important one. If Shell is getting the stakeholder balance right, they will have addressed their employee’s needs, which should result in positive levels of employee motivation. As we saw in Question a) however, it is not always that easy to get the balance right. If Shell has favoured its shareholder needs, this could potentially lead to employee pay cuts and a reduction in safety costs, in order to maximise profits. If interest groups and local communities are favoured, this could potentially lead to the cancellation of new and innovative projects that would have allowed employees to develop new skills and achieve new discoveries. All of these outcomes would have a noticeably negative effect on employee motivation. If we are to believe Shell, it recognises this need for balance, and goes to great efforts to ensure that employee’s needs for recognition and job development are met (Shell International B.V. 2010b). It professes on its website: * â€Å"Joining Shell means getting more out of your working life than you thought possible.† (Shell International B.V. 2010b) * â€Å" [We make] every effort to provide the kind of rewards and benefits that will complement your own particular lifestyle and needs† (Shell International B.V. 2010c) Certainly, the testimonials offered by Shell employees, from every facet of the organization, seem to support these statements (Shell International B.V. 2010d). It is worth noting however, that nowhere in the literature published in the Jobs & Career section of the Shell website, does it address the subjects of job stability, employee safety, or personal security. It was reported by Wighton (2010) that within weeks of his taking over at the helm of Shell in July 2009, Peter Voser had cut 5000 jobs. Combine this with the inherent safety risks of the petrochemical industry, and the security risks associated with operations in locations such as Nigeria, and some doubt is cast on Shell’s ability to meet all of their employee’s needs. c) What conflict situations may Shell have needed to consider and manage in order to successfully achieve its balance towards Stakeholder needs? Shell has five main stakeholder groups, shareholders, employees, suppliers, customers, local communities, and interest groups (The Times 100 ca.2009, p. 133-136). The nature and the needs of each one of these groups differs to such a degree that conflict is nearly inevitable. â€Å"Conflict frequently has its roots in difference† (Benson and Rice 2009b, p.2), this statement supports the idea that conflict management can also be regarded as the management of differences. Shell’s balancing of stakeholder needs could essentially be redefined as management of the differences in stakeholder needs; or conflict management. With a multinational company such as Shell, listing potential conflicts could be a daunting task. To begin with, the shareholder’s need to earn the greatest dividends possible is obviously at odds with the em ployee’s desire for greater remuneration and benefits packages. The shareholder’s and employee’s dedication to innovative new technologies and projects may oppose the goals of interest groups who strive  to protect the environment and human rights, and local communities who are stretched to accommodate a new industry. The customer’s desire for a reprieve from the ever increasing cost of fuels is in direct opposition to a supplier’s objective of selling their product at the most profitable price. The list is virtually inexhaustible. Shell has incorporated measures throughout its organization to mitigate potential conflicts, which centre on ensuring balance, communication and involvement. The first and foremost of these measures is Shell’s decision making criteria (The Times 100 ca.2009, p. 136), which is specifically designed to achieve a good balance of stakeholder needs and provide a transparency by assessing: * the economic impact of the activity is likely to yield a good return for shareholders * the social impact will be suitable for employees and communities * the long-term effect of its activity will harm the environment As mentioned in Question a) Shell report openly and honestly on its activities and their effects, through financial and sustainability reporting. According to Shell, they have â€Å"voluntarily reported on our environmental and social performance since 1997 because this performance matters to our stakeholders and to our business success† (Shell International B.V. 2010a). This provides a consistent avenue for communication with stakeholders. The greatest volume of resources dedicated to mitigating conflict can be found in Shell’s social programmes. A brief review of its website reveals that it has no fewer than seven separate social programmes, which focus on a myriad of topics, from sustainable development, to road safety, to HIV/AIDS (Shell International B.V. 2010e). There is an underlying conflict however that is not so easy to identify, and which is not evidently addressed in the mitigation measures. It is the diversity of the stakeholders that presents Shell with perhaps the biggest challenge of all. In order to truly balance stakeholder needs, Shell must consider the cultures in which it operates, and strive to understand â€Å"the richness and strength of the many different facets of diversity, including age, gender, colour, race, ethnicity, religion, differing abilities (physical and cognitive), sexuality, socio-cultural and economic background† (Benson and Rice 2009c, p.2). This will not only affect the way in which it must represent itself in each region, but it will also have a great impact on the internal development of its teams in order to maximize performance.  Again, the management of differences between cultures becomes the management of conflict. d) Conclude by taking the key elements of your observations in steps a-c regarding Shell in order to make a recommendation for other organisations to consider implementing the approach of balancing Stakeholder needs as a means to business success? Shell Oil began as an antiques dealer in London, who diversified into importing shells from the Far East in 1833 (Shell International B.V. 2010f). This is a far cry from the multinational petrochemical company of today that is a recognized symbol around the globe. The business success that has propelled Shell from local antiques store to global giant will not have happened by accident. It will be well calculated and methodically achieved. This outstanding business success will certainly provide many other organizations with insight regarding balancing stakeholder needs which will be beneficial. First and foremost is the need for vision and leadership. Business success on the scale of Shell Oil cannot be achieved without establishing a vision of what that success will look like, and how to get there. A properly composed and communicated vision will essentially be the battle cry that enlists all of your stakeholders to joining in and making the increased business success a reality. To accompany this, it is necessary to embrace the ideas of leadership over management, after all, â€Å"No one yet has figured out how to manage people effectively into battle, they must be led† (Kotter 1990, p.104). Once a vision has been communicated, it will quickly lose momentum if the stakeholders are not informed of its progress. Tools to measure and disseminate the organisation’s and individual’s performance to the vision should be developed. No matter how inspiring the vision and enthusiastic the leadership, effective teams who are able to perform will be essential. Dependent on the type of organization, and its particular stakeholders, the team dynamic required to meet expectations will be different. For example, the approach to technical innovation required by Shell will not be needed in a non-profit organization that gives support to individuals through social programming. Research into effective team structures for the desired outcome is highly recommended. While no one group of stakeholders should overshadow the rest, it is perhaps the employees who will have the most complex needs to balance against the other stakeholders. Every organisation should ensure that the balance of stakeholder needs promotes positive employee motivation  in order to achieve its envisioned business success. A study of motivational theories should be undertaken to understand the various factors, before assessing them within the organisation. As concluded in Question b), Shell has heavily promoted its ability to meet the job development and recognition needs of its employees, though it may have fallen down on fulfilling needs such as job and personal security. This will in part be owing to research and feedback directly from their employees. The employees most valuable to Shell and achieving its vision may be those who are eager to participate in the innovative and technical projects that Shell has to offer, and are willing to sacrifice in other areas as a result. Every organisation should work with its employees to determine what their needs are against the desired outcomes of the company, before assessing how these needs will fit into the balance of stakeholders. An organisation who is striving to achieve business success would benefit from approaching the balancing of stakeholder needs as if it were the management of differences in needs, in other words, conflict management. Consistent communication will be required with each stakeholder group in order to identify and discuss potential conflicts. This will allow the introduction of appropriate mitigation measures within the balance. It is acknowledged that not every organisation will be conducting multinational business; however careful research into the diversity of the stakeholders is recommended. This will allow the organisation to harness the differences within its stakeholder groups, with a view to maximising potential for performance. This report has summarised some of the key areas addressed by Shell Oil in its balancing of stakeholder needs, and has made some high level recommendations for other organisations to consider. Any organisation that is keen to achieve business success will no doubt find value in research regarding Shell’s approach. References Benson, A., and Rice, M., 2009a. Developing and Sustaining Effective Teams Guide 2: What are you there for? Setting Objectives. London: Royal College of Nursing. Available from: http://www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/78735/003115.pdf [Accessed 02 February 2010]. Benson, A., and Rice, M., 2009b. Developing and Sustaining Effective Teams Guide 6: Some thoughts about conflict. London: Royal College of Nursing. Available from: http://www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/78735/003115.pdf [Accessed 02 February 2010]. Benson, A., and Rice, M., 2009c. Developing and Sustaining Effective Teams Guide 4: Is everyone involved? Diversity. London: Royal College of Nursing. Available from: http://www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/78735/003115.pdf [Accessed 02 February 2010]. Boddy, D., 2008. Management: An Introduction. 4th ed. Edinburgh: Pearson Edutcation. Kotter, J.P., 1990. What Leaders Really Do. Harvard Business Review, 68 (3), 103-111. Available from: Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost [Accessed 31 March 2010). Lindsay R. and Pagnamenta, R., 2010. Shell tries to appease investors with caps on pay. The Times, 17 February. Available from: http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/movers_and_shakers/article7029759.ece [Accessed 21 April 2010]. Royal Dutch Shell plc, 2005. Shell General Business Principles. The Hague: Shell International Limited. Availa ble from: http://www.shell.com/home/content/aboutshell/who_we_are/our_values/sgbp/sgbp_30032008.html [Accessed 03 April 2010]. Shell International B.V., 2010a. Our approach to reporting. The Hague: Shell International B.V.. Available from: http://www.shell.com/home/content/environment_society/approach_to_reporting/our_approach/our_approach_to_reporting_26042007.html [Accessed 03 April 2010]. Shell International B.V., 2010b. Jobs & Careers. The Hague: Shell International B.V.. Available from: http://www.shell.com/home/content/careers/ [Accessed 03 April 2010]. Shell International B.V., 2010c. Rewards & Benefits. The Hague: Shell International B.V.. Available from: http://www.shell.com/home/content/careers/professionals/rewards_and_benefits/professionals_rewards_benefits_13092006.html [Accessed 03 April 2010]. Shell International B.V., 2010d. Meet Our Professionals. The Hague: Shell International B.V.. Available from: http://www.shell.com/home/page/careers/our_people/tool/app_xp_meet_ our_people.html [Accessed 03 April 2010]. Shell International B.V., 2010e. Programmes. The Hague: Shell International B.V.. Available from: http://www.shell.com/home/content/environment_society/society/our_neighbours/social_investment/programmes/ [Accessed 03 April 2010]. Shell International B.V., 2010f. The beginnings. The Hague: Shell International B.V.. Available

Gender Related Issues Essay

Complete a search for journal articles (professional) that include gender related cognitive issues. Report back to the group through the discussion forum on an understanding of the gender related cognitive abilities. Look for flaws and strengths in specific examples and applications. Thinking is a normal process in everybody’s life. The activities of the neurons giving signals to the brains are helpful in giving the body commands to act on a certain activity or to feel and even to think. Men and women think in every part of their lives, except when they are under comatose by which patients remain unconscious for over a certain time. Studies often say that men and women think very differently. Many various tests in college and even in high schools show that men are far more different in abilities in math than of women; this is also the same reason why men are more selected on job opportunities, especially to those in depth analysis. Women are often regarded as underdogs in the fields where numbers exist. An article from â€Å"Think Again† says that the old belief of the big thinking difference among men and women is a bluff. It suggests a cultural shaping wherein minds of the people are programmed to expect less from women in terms of thinking. Evidences from the article say that the shaping mentioned above is a controlling factor to the performance of many. With the psychological mind – set that men are better than women, women tend to perform and feel insecure about them and in turn would result to grades that are really degrading. The article focuses on the factors that are apparent in the 18th to the 21st centuries by which the â€Å"shaping† is already present. It could have presented or showed us factors from the time before Christ or in the Middle Ages to greatly describe the so-called cultural reasons. It could have given a proof why girls are often regarded for household chores and not with jobs that they can participate with boys. On the other hand, the article may be a helpful guide to parents and teachers to mold the children without inculcating the notion of men being superior in analyzing and solving things. The statements that tell about performances after giving the biases may be true for people around the world and should be avoided to have optimum performance in different work places. 2. Complete a search for journal articles (professional) that include gender related communication issues. . Report back to the group through the discussion forum on an understanding of gender related communication. Look for flaws and strengths in specific examples and applications. Emotions are part of a well-being. It is also a measure if a person is healthy or not. Girls tend to have more emotions than boys, or have it something to do with the misinterpretation of the crowd? As girls or women are termed to be good in emotions, they are also termed as good communicators than men. Girls are very vocal with their ideas and feelings. An article of Cynthia Burggraf Torppa says that the idea of women having an edge with communicating with other people is a misnomer. It said that men and women just don’t understand each other with the lines that they say. Also, there are terms given such as â€Å"rapport talkers† which women are experts on. Women communicate with other people that trigger emotions and feelings while men are termed â€Å"report talkers† that focus on facts and details about a certain topic. Indeed, there are differences about men and women as also stated in Men are from Mars, women are from Venus. The article mentioned can help readers understand more others. That is to say, men and women should practice listening between the lines so that misunderstandings will be avoided. Since women are really emotional, they must be sensitive also with what their men are feeling. The differences matter mostly on marriages, so I recommend that the article could have started and stated on something that happens in childhood and teenage life so that readers will also be guided when and where to hit their punch lines. Men and women must be treated equally as they are all created with the same will and love of the Lord Almighty. References Cynthia Burggraf Torppa. Gender Issues: Communication Differences in Interpersonal Relationships. 2002. Retrieved 11 April 2008 from http://ohioline. osu. edu/flm02/FS04. html. American Psychological Association. Psychology Matters. Think Again: Men and Women Share Cognitive Skills. 2006. Retrieved 11 April 2008 from http://www. psychologymatters. org/thinkagain. html

Law Personal Statement - 797 Words

Law has always been of great interest to me. My curiosity of the subject stems from younger years which consisted of frequent visits to the Courthouse in Dublin to see my Uncle and Aunt, a barrister and high court judge respectively, in action. Since then I have felt drawn to a life of in the legal system. Information I received at a careers open day I attended in fifth year outlined the new skills I would acquire and vast career opportunities available following a degree in law. This confirmed for me that a career in law was imminent. Clinical Law (BCL Clinical) was my first preference on my CAO application. I was offered my second choice and accepted Bachelor of Civil Law in UCC (BCL). Throughout my degree, I have been exposed to a†¦show more content†¦The trip was one of the first times when textbooks no longer mattered and was an opportunity for me to see the law in action in a variety of contexts. 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