Romeo and Juliet s Theme of Youth and Excitement Rather than Sentimental Love :: Papers

Romeo and Juliet 's Theme of Youth and Excitement Rather than Sentimental Love Despite the fact that scenes of youth and fervor do exist, I absolutely oppose this idea with the pundits. I accept the play comprises of wistful love among Romeo and Juliet and that the areas of youth and energy are utilized distinctly to execute catastrophe. I will presently back up my supposition with proof and statements from the play. In any case, the principal battle happens between the workers, this serves to educate the crowd regarding the quarrel and sets us up for the battle scene in Act 3 Scene1. The ball scene has a significant impact in the play, it is an energizing scene yet, its included to empower the characters to meet. Everything begins when the Montague's sneak into the Capulet's ball. Romeo and his individual Montague's can get this show on the road the ball since it is a 'Veiled Ball'. Simply these little subtleties tell the crowd that their affection was intended to be, practically like destiny. Romeo is getting a charge out of the gathering when out of nowhere he sees an excellent looking young lady. From here onwards he can't take his eyes off Juliet just like she cant with Romeo. I don't accept that Romeo had fallen in love with Rosaline however this time he had, with an alternate young lady 'O she doth show the lights to consume brilliant' Romeo didn't express these things about Rosaline and this at that point fortifies the point that he had fallen in affection with this young lady who he doesn't have the foggiest idea about the name of. In the interim, Juliet was being compelled to wed a more seasoned man against her own will, yet this would change as she would successfully be with Romeo. Romeo pulls Juliet behind a column and kisses her before talking to her. Juliet then discovers that Romeo is a Montague My lone love sprung from my solitary despise this statement says everything she cherished him beyond all doubt be that as it may, couldn't be seen with him as they are on inverse sides of two rival families in Verona.

Peer Pressure Essays (241 words) - Human Sexuality,

Friend Pressure What is peer pressure? Companion weight can be portrayed as a constructive or antagonistic response that happens when one is affected by specific individuals. Friend pressure is continually surroIntroduction Research Question: How does sex in the media impact kids and teenagers in the United States? How would they respond to that? Sex is a major subject for teenagers and even kids. Being raised in a world with TV and radio, teenagers and youngsters are presented to much more than they ought to be at their age. I will talk about the influence that the media has on youngsters and kids in America and how they respond to this. Regardless of whether they defy it, fear it, or are attracted to it. Today it is extremely elusive teenagers and even youngsters who are virgins. Once while it was famous to be a virgin, presently it isn't. Youngsters and adolescents that are virgins are in some cases ridiculed, barred, or even lie about their virginity just to fit in. I accept that the media is so mewhat answerable for this. At the point when a kid sees individuals on the TV having intercourse, they need to go out and do something very similar. They don't comprehend what it is or how it influences you both intellectually, explicitly, genuinely, and most significant profoundly. Sex is something that ought to be put something aside for marriage, albeit a great many people experience it before at that point. Human Sexuality

Were closed for MLK Day COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Were closed for MLK Day COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog (Photo courtesy of FIUTS.org) Lifes most persistent and urgent question is: What are you doing for others?' Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. To answer that question, each year communities  come  together on the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. federal holiday  to serve their neighbors and cities. Monday, January 19, 2015 will mark the 21st year of the MLK Day of Service, which takes place on the third Monday in January. Its the only federal holiday observed as a national day of service. MLK Day is a part of United We Serve, the Presidents national call to service initiative, according to NationalService.gov. Together we can help create a global community of service. In 2014, MLK Day inspired participants to help 38,000 veterans, military families and service members receive assistance, 360,000 people receive emergency food, and 58,000 children receive tutoring and mentorship services.  Hopefully, our global communities will make those figures balloon this year! If youre interested in joining Seeple and other volunteers across the country at volunteer opportunities, visit the National Service website  and enter your location under Find a Volunteer Opportunity. For those of you in the NYC area, there are several events taking place on Monday, including stocking bookshelves at a Washington Heights bookshop, helping a New Jersey group pack  medical supplies for under-served populations, and assisting AmeriCorps members with teaching financial literacy in the East Village. Plus, you  just might run into a SIPA alumn! After all, were pretty big on helping the world become a better place, near and far. While youre volunteering, dont forget: Since  MLK Day of Service is a national holiday, Columbia University and SIPA will be closed on Monday, January 19, 2015.

Mom and Pop Shops - 1153 Words

Death of Mom-and-Pop Shops Cindy Dias English Composition II Professor James Meeze January 19, 2013 Based on my research paper and reading the information, I am going to choose how Wal-Mart is taking down mom-and-pop shops and destroying them by leaving downtown barren and empty. I am going to prove it does have some effect on small business, but also it has to do with our economy. I plan on the information and graphs I found by researching my information about how the big companies do take over some small business. I will provide a power point presentation in my research paper to also show you more information about my research paper. There is no question that Wal-Mart does cause some mom-and-pop shops to fail. However, those†¦show more content†¦Most mom-and-pop shops do not carry toasters or DVDs, and if they do they are higher in price. Will Wal-Mart take over the world? There were shops of all kinds like bakeries, shoe stores, pharmacies, and then come Wal-Mart. The mom-and-pop shops fear that giant all-in-one stores would come to small towns and squash mom-and-pop op erations, based on discounter which topped two hundred twenty six billion in 2001, irresistible for its convenience, and low prices. Wal-Mart being such a huge buyer, it is such a huge seller that it can offer customers the lowest prices and make up the difference in volume. According to this article mom-and-pop shops are gone, regional chains are gone national retailers are thinning out. â€Å"We’re left with only the very big players at the top now that Wal-Mart has chewed right up the food chain. By reading all the articles, there are facts that Wal-Mart does and does not have effects on small mom-and-pop shops. The articles I read about Wal-Mart, Home Depot, Lowes has forced the mom-and-pop shops to close. For example the two big hardware stores have not put Ace, or even True Value out of business, they still exist throughout the United States. The only thing I can see is that people are misled; Wal-Mart has low prices. I believe it has to do with our economy. Also remem ber Bradlees, Building Square, Ames, Anne Hope, all based in New England. They are like Wal-Mart and Target, but they areShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Behind A Ceo Making 600 Times More Than An Average Worker1440 Words   |  6 Pagesof large companies are making upwards of 500 times more than their average worker? And why are some CEOs only making $1 per year in salary? This paper gives a forefront for different types of CEOs, including big box retail, technology, and mom-and-pop shops, and how their salaries affect those under them. Method The Facts Twenty years ago, Chief Executive Officers of companies only made approximately 35 times more than the average hourly worker; but in 2015, that pay gap has increased exponentiallyRead MoreThe Impact Of Big Box Stores On Small Retail Shops1177 Words   |  5 Pagesthat â€Å"A recurrent criticism of these retail giants is their negative impact upon smaller, locally owned competitors†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ficano, 2013, pg. 263). Ficano identified four factors that, in theory, influence the effects of Big-Box Stores on small retail shops. First, this business model drastically alters the competitive nature of the markets in which they operate (Ficano 2013). Second, they may influence local social capital, that is, the relationship networks in the community (Goetz and Rupasingha,Read MoreThe case for walmart989 Words   |  4 Pages The Case for Wal-Mart Is Wal-mart the ideal store to shop it? Austrian economic and business professional Karen De Coster and banker Brad Edmonds believe that Wal-mart improves the lives of people in rural areas because it gives them access to a lifestyle that they would not have if Wal-mart did not exist. Karen De Coster is a freelance writer she is a graduate student in Austrian economics, and is also a business professional from Michigan. Although she has not finished her firstRead MoreLarge Corporations Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesLARGE CORPORATIONS MEAN BUSINESS! ANTHONY J. FRANKO ENG 122: ENLISH COMPOSITION II INSTRUCTOR SHANNON BILUNAS JANUARY 7, 2013 Large corporations such as Wal-Mart or Home Depot often come under criticism for putting mom-and-pop shops out of business. While this may be a valid criticism, the consumers neglect to realize that they play the biggest part in shutting these businesses down. Consumers across the country are always looking for the best deals or the lowest prices, and in most casesRead MoreWalmart Merchant of Doom1704 Words   |  7 Pages772). Walton‟s main goal was providing convenience and efficiency to his primary stakeholders: consumers. Wal-Mart has both external and internal stakeholders. I will discuss one main external stakeholder: consumers. Consumers are those people who shop directly at Wal-Mart stores or online at walmart.com. Consumers have a direct financial stake in Wal-Mart. Consumers, along with manufacturers, determine the level of profitability of WalMart. The amount of profit Wal-Mart makes depends, more or lessRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Mom And Pop Stores1540 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen a decline in â€Å"mom and pop† stores in the States. They believe that this decline is from chain stores, people do not necessary see these afflict effects that cause mom and pop stores. There are many positive effects of having a chain store close to your home, but it also can have negative effect on the community. Before diving into what the pros and cons of having a chain store or a â€Å"mom and pop† store, it is necessary to know the definition of what they are. â€Å"Mom and Pop† store is a small storeRead MoreStrategies of Successful Companies1316 Words   |  5 Pagescompany in Utah which stands out above others is the Sweet Tooth Fairy bakery. This bakery started out as a single bakery in Draper, Utah and now includes locations all over the state, such as shops open in Provo, St. George, Midvale, Orem, Salt Lake City, Layton, West Valley City, and Murray. Theres even a new shop open in Scottsdale, Arizona, which indicates that the co mpany truly has the potential to expand nationwide. Even though the field of bakeries is a truly congested and competitive, The SweetRead MoreBackground Checks1573 Words   |  7 Pagesmay even use an affiliated company for their employment screening.† Working at a small business or at a mom and pop shop is a total different ballgame than working at a major corporation. â€Å"If you get hired at a mom and pop shop they don’t take such procedures during the hiring process, (Jones, Bridgett. Personal Interview. 3 January 2012). Also concluded by Bridgett Jones, â€Å"Mom and pop shops usually hire family, or people close to family.† These are the people they trust and know what to expectRead MoreNew Era Greed Of The Grocery Store Essay924 Words   |  4 Pagesprogress. Globalization and the technological advancements have made it it difficult for the consumer to actually know what they are getting and changing the idea of the grocery store all together. C. Consumer food demands has made a corner mom- and – pop grocer to a fast, mass, and globally producing supermarket and there is a price to pay. II. Background A. Chain grocery stores started off with the Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company. Before then grocers were a small store where the storeRead MoreThe World s Largest Man1035 Words   |  5 PagesThe World s Largest Man Harrison Scott Key 331 Pages Character Identification Harrison, he is the author. His dad who is kinda a angry and violent man. His mom who is quiet and unassuming. He has a brother named bird, who is the course of the book comes out that he is a half brother. His wife is stunningly beautiful. Plot Summary This is a story of his life. He is an artsy crafty guy, an artist and his dad is a devoted hunter who is always trying to turn him around and make him kill

Emily Brown Short Story - 727 Words

â€Å"Lily Brown†, a short story by Diane Goodman, follows the working life of a young woman with an apparent disability. Working as the voice of the short story, this young woman describes her various working positions and the numerous accounts that follow. Each job position she holds further reveals more about her internal well being, struggling with her disability. Working in multiple telemarketing firms, this young woman connects people to countless products. Using exaggeration, aliases, and her soothing voice, she takes on a new character each time she picks up the phone. Early in the narrative, she claims, â€Å"I know telemarketing is my calling,† (Goodman 42) proving that she finds comfort in this job position. Hiding behind her telephone,†¦show more content†¦She comes to terms with her outward appearance to the public when she expresses their initial reactions to her. She says, â€Å"People would walk in, see me, and stop in their tracks. A couple pe ople actually gasped. People are afraid of change, I guess, but I am the master of change, so I was pretty understanding (44). Overall, this shows that she is still in denial with the reality of her situation. Having a job where her disability is not hidden, and her underlying self-consciousness consumes her subconsciousness, she attempts to find an outlet for herself. The young woman returns to the idea that she was meant to help people. She comes to this conclusion after various encounters at the grocery store, and decides to take action. She claims that, â€Å"..offering deals was what I was born to do† (45). Due to her new position at the grocery store, it is revealed that her willingness to help other people stems from the fact that she wants to give back, and give people what they need. For majority of her time, Alma has been taking care of her, giving her whatever she needs, and providing for her. The woman, not being able to repay her, finds her release in helping oth ers. At her new job, she uses this as her new escape from the reality of her disability. She creates a new bulletin board business within the grocery store. Providing and offering services of the neighbors to the store. She finds a sense of pride in her project, connectingShow MoreRelatedEssay on Hawthorne To Faulkner: The Evolution Of The Short Story1594 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Short Story Nathaniel Hawthorne and William Faulkner’s short stories â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† use a moral to endorse particular ideals or values. Through their characters examination and evaluation of one another, the author’s lesson is brought forth. The authors’ style of preaching morals is reminiscent of the fables of Aesop and the religious parables of the Old and New Testament. The reader is faced with a life lesson after reading Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown:† youRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner931 Words   |  4 PagesShort Stories A Rose for Emily is a short story written by William Faulkner. This story takes place in Faulkner s fictional city, Jefferson, Mississippi, in Yoknapatawpha County. Young Goodman Brown is a short story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. This story takes place during the 17th century and discusses the Puritan belief that all of humanity exists in a state of corruption, except those who are fortunately born into a state of grace. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Emily’s house is a commemorationRead MoreAnalysis Of A Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1407 Words   |  6 Pages204 December 15, 2015 1. Choose one story in which the setting is significant and discuss how the setting contributes to the central meaning of the story. In William Faulkner’s short story, A Rose for Emily, the southern town’s setting is a stark contrast to today’s society, where many elderly people live in poverty, receive little respect, and lose their family homes due to the inability to pay taxes. After the death of her father forty years earlier, Emily Grierson’s social and financial statusRead MoreA Stream of Consciousness in A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner745 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a short story written by American author William Faulkner and centres around an old lady named Emily. The story is written in the classic Faulkner method of a streaming consciousness. By constructing the story through use of the stream of consciousness, Faulkner is able to manipulate the predetermined short story structure and create an outstanding, critically acclaimed story. In using the thematic concept of creating contrasts between two opposing entities, Faulkner is ableRead MoreT aking Life for Granted in The Necklace, My Left Foot, and Our Town635 Words   |  3 Pagesof the characters in the stories we have read often do this. In â€Å"The Necklace†, Mathilda does this by always thinking of herself and nobody else. My Left Foot shows how Christy Brown never takes his life for granted, and by doing this it helped him overcome his disabilities. In the story Our Town not taking life for granted is one of the main themes, such as when Emily dies and George becomes very upset about it. In the story My Left Foot, Christy Brown was diagnosed at the age ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Racism In A Rose For Emily914 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"A Rose for Emily† was about how Emily Grierson was viewed as a relic that need to be preserved. The old generation allowed Emily to not pay her taxes because her father was someone important to the town, but the new generation wanted to change that. They sent many notices to her but they were not receiving any payments from her. I can connect this to a New York Times article, the article is called â€Å"Dove Drops an Ad Accused of Racism†, the article talks about how Dove and many other soap companiesRead MoreA Rose For Emily, By William Faulkner Essay2322 Words   |  10 Pagesseparate from others whereas solitude is the state of being alone. Isolation and solitude are tremendous, effective and beating emotions. They forces the capacity to devastate a people life by overpowering it with despair and murkiness. A short story, A Rose for Emily, by William Faulkner, was initially published on April 30, 1930. William Cuthbert Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi, on September 25, 1897. As he experienced childhood in New Albany, Mississippi, the Southern culture impactedRead Moreâ€Å"a Rose for Emily, † â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"Good Country People, †1823 Words   |  8 PagesIsolation: Loneliness from Society The time moves on for all people. If we cannot come to terms with that, bad things can happen. A short story, A Rose for Emil, by William Faulkner, was first published on April 30, 1930. William Cuthbert Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi, on September 25, 1897. He is one of the greatest writers in America and obtained Nobel Prize laureate. As he grew up in New Albany, Mississippi, the Southern society influenced to him. Through his works such aRead MoreA History of Submissive Women in Literature2215 Words   |  9 Pagesone that has been repressed throughout history and forced to acclimate itself to a world dominated by men. Although major improvements have been made in the strife for equality, this continues to be a man’s world. In the short stories â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† and â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† as well as in the drama â€Å"A Doll’s House,† the protagonists are all frustrated women who are unfulfilled with their subservient lives. Partly imposed upon them by their setting’s historical and societal norms, they chooseRead MoreA Rose For Emily Symbolism Analysis1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe Symbolism of the Setting in Faulkner’s and Hemingway’s Stories The place where the story is set plays the most significant role in the majority of fiction pieces, since it is the setting that outlines the plot development and influences the heroes’ decisions and general characteristics. In Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† the setting is raised to the symbolic level. When the outside portrayal does not correspond to what is happening inside the character

Micro Manufacturing Free Essays

ME 686: Micro-manufacturing Assignment 1 Study the effects of process parameters (speed, feed, depth of cut etc. ) associated with SPDT for manufacturing of micro lens let arrays. Also find out the ranges of these process parameters and values of optimal process parameters. We will write a custom essay sample on Micro Manufacturing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Submitted by: Marmeek Kishor Kumar Kosambia (09010332) Submitted to : Dr. S. N. Joshi Date of Submission: 17/01/13 Introduction A microlens array is composed of a series of micro lens distributed in a regular pattern and has been usedin a wide range of photonic products. A  micro lens  is a small  lens, generally with a  diameter  less than a  millimetre  (mm) and often as small as 10 micrometers ( µm). The small sizes of the lenses means that a simple design can give good optical quality but sometimes unwanted effects arise due to optical  diffraction  at the small features. A typical micro lens may be a single element with one plane surface and one spherical convex surface to  refract  the light. Because micro lenses are so small, the substrate that supports them is usually thicker than the lens and this has to be taken into account in the design. More sophisticated lenses may use  aspherical  surfaces and others may use several layers of optical material to achieve their design performance. Since surface roughness affects the performance of the lens, one needs to generate finely machined surface with minimum roughness Single Point Diamond Turning machining is a technique which removes materials from a few microns to sub-micron level to achieve ductile mode machining on hard-to-machine materials such as electro less nickel plating, silicon, quartz, glass and ceramics with no subsurface defects. Such a machining process is able to achieve mirror surface finish of less than 10 nm and form error of less than 1um easily. If properly applied to a specific range of diamond turnable materials, the process is far superior to grinding and polishing where shape control is more difficult and processing time is longer. The selecting and optimization of machining parameters is one of the main factors that could influence the machining accuracy. The main machining parameters are tool feed rates, spindle speed and depth of cut. The tool feed rate is normally expressed in terms of either distance travelled by the tool per unit time (mm/min) or distance travelled per unit rotation (mm/revolution). It is most common to see the distance per revolution as it is directly related to the anticipated theoretical surface finish. For a given tool feed rate, larger the tool nose radius, lower the roughness and the better the optical surface finish. The surface quality depends to great extents on the material characteristics like: grain size, micro structure or crystal boundary, crystal uniformity and annealing procedures adopted. Casual selection of combination of machining parameters may affect the surface quality, so it is required to optimize the machining parameters before final SPDT process. Machining of aspheric surface is more complicated than spherical and flat surfaces because of complicated tool path and uneven material removal. To achieve required profile tool path should be optimized. Surface roughness with respect to variable Feed rate Feed rate is most important parameter and variation of this havea great impact on the surface finish. Theoretical surface finishdepends on feed rate and tool radius. Depth of cut 2 ? m andRPM 1000 kept constant and tool feed rate is varied from 0. 5? m/rev to 5. 0 ? m/rev. the results of the experiments are asfollows. From the above experiments, it is observed that the surface finish is going down as we reduce feed. The surface roughness is 54. 8 nm at feed 0. 5 ? m where the depth of cut is 2 ? m and 1000 RPM was maintained. It is investigated that although look of the surface was good but it is not of optical quality at these parameters. We have varied the depth of cut at feed rate of 0. 5. Surface roughness with respect to variable depth of cut From the above experiments, it is observed that the surface finish is depending on the depth of cut but its behavior is different. As we increase the doc from 1? m to 2 ? m the roughness decrease from 117 nm to 54 nm and again increase the roughness on of doc. Same is again repeated on 8 ? m doc. The surface roughness is 54. 8 nm at feed 0. 5 ? m/rev where the depth of cut is 2 ? m and 1000 RPM. But it is investigated that surface is not optical at these parameters, the surface quality was dull after 10 ? m doc and there no use of increasing the doc more than 10 ? m. From the above experiments, it is observed that the surface finish is depending on the depth of cut but its behavior is different. As we increase the doc from 1? m to 2 ? m the roughness decrease from 117 nm to 54 nm and again increase the roughness on of doc. Same is again repeated on 8 ? m doc. The surface roughness is 54. 8 nm at feed 0. 5 ? m/rev where the depth of cut is 2 ? m and 1000 RPM. But it is investigated that surface is not optical at these parameters, the surface quality was dull after 10 ? m doc and there no use of increasing the doc more than 10 ? m. Surface roughness with respect to variable RPM From the last experiment we have seen that the depth of cut 2 ? m giving the better surface. During this experiment feed rate 0. 5 ? m/rev and depth of cut remained unchanged and RPM varied from 800 to 4000, to get the further better surface on the work piece. Analysis of turned work piece at different RPM is carried out. Output result is shown in above table. By experiments we have seen that polycarbonate surface turned to the surface finish of below 25 nm, which is achieved at RPM 3000. A good surface finish is achieved at 800 RPM also but it is not economical. At RPM 1500 we have observed the star pattern on surface of PC. So, RPM 3000, Feed 0. 5 ? m/rev and depth of cut 2 ? m are the optimum parameters where optical surface is achieved. An empirical formula is developed for predicting surface roughness of diamond turned polycarbonate at different turning parameters (feed rate, depth of cut and RPM). Empirical formula is derived as follows. Optimum turning parameter are suggested where the optical surface finish in obtained. Tool feed rate : 0. 5 ? m/revolution Depth of cut : 2 ? m RPM : 3000 Tool Path Compensation Another study shows the greatest challenge lies in selecting the optimum combination of the process parameters to get the best surface quality. The parameters chosen for optimization are as: Spindle speed (SS), Feed rate (TFR), Depth of cut (DoC). Another parameter to optimize the machining is the tool path. The tool path compensation cycle starts with the definition of desired aspheric surface by the conic equation: It is observed that by modifying the tool path, profile error ofaspheric surface is significantly reduced. The comparison between aspheric figure error, before and after tool path compensation is given in Table-4. Conclusions: 1) Tool feed is the dominant parameter for surface roughness followed by the spindle rotational speed. Depth of cut shows minimal effect on surface roughness compared to other parameters. 2) Depth of cut is the leading parameter for peak to valley error, followed by spindle rotational speed. Feed rate does not have considerable effect on Pt. 3) Effect of depth of cut on Pt varies with spindle speed. However, for achieving good optical surface on the polycarbonate work piece, lower depth of cut is preferred. 4) Spindle rotational speed of 2000rpm, tool feed rate of1? m/rev and depth of cut of 2? are selected for precisemachining of polycarbonate. 5) The process of the optimization of tool path helps to optimize the machining process further. References: 1. V. SainiD. SharmaS. KallaT. Chouhan, ‘Optimization of Process Parameters to Achieve Nano LevelSurface Quality on Polycarbonate’, Proceedings of the International Conference on Manufacturing Excellence, 2012 2. N. KhatriV. MishraR. G. V. Sarepaka, ‘Optimisation of process parameter in ultra-precisiondiamond turning of polycarbonate material’, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 888) Volume 48– No. 13, June 2012 How to cite Micro Manufacturing, Papers

Work in Aviation and Medicine †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Work in Aviation and Medicine. Answer: Introduction: Australian economy is one of the fastest growing economy in the western nations that has been growing through its 27th consecutive growth stage (McCombie Thirlwall, 2016). With the aim to achieve sustainability Australian economy is cannon balling the annual growth rate with the rapid production in the mining industry as well as substantial improvement in the GDP share of the service sector (Byrne, Fernald Reinsdorf, 2016). In addition to this, it has been found that the economy is having high flow of foreign tourists to the Australia that has been making it one of the sustainable economy in the world. Well, in this regard it is important to mention that various Australian airline industry plays a significant role in the growth of the countrys GDP. Combining all the airline industries, it can be seen that they represent 1.2% of countrys GDP and has produced more than 35,000 jobs in the economy (Zhang et al. 2018). Considering the importance of the airline industry in the Australian economy, this report is aimed to study the airline market with special focus to the Qantas airline and find out the insight details regarding the market structure of the same. In addition to this, the report is aimed to provide economic interpretation of the market structure and provide contrast to the characteristics of the chosen industry. C and it is the third oldest airline in the world. Introduced back in 1920, it was initially focused to provide air service to the domestic passengers and during 1935 it went for its first international flight (Shaffner, Mills Helms, 2017). According to the statistics of 2014, Qantas is accounted for 65% of providing service to 65% of domestic customers and when it comes to the international customers then it enjoys a healthy share of 14.9% out of total out going passengers (Domestic aviation activity, 2018). It has at least 11 subsidiaries, which are focused on the trunk roads to gain higher amount of profit and deter the new entrants to enter into the Australian airline industry. Since 2008 post recession though the profit share of the Qantas has fell substantially, however it enjoys sustainable income from its domestic and international flights combined. The firm has produced 29,596 employment in the year 2017 and with the 806% of passenger load factor it can be stated that the f irm is performing goof business with their effective strategies to control the market (Australia domestic airline market outlook, 2018). Structure of the selected industry: Australian airline market is a duopoly market, which is another type of oligopoly. In Australian airline industry there are only two large players who enjoy 92% of the market share making the existence of the other players minimal (Forsyth, 2018). Under the duopoly market structure the Qantas is accounted to 62% of the market share alone and its nearest competitor, which is virgin blue enjoys 30% of the total airline market share (Australian Airline Industry Parliament of Australia, 2018). According to the same source, contrary to Qantas and Virgin Blue, 8% of the market share is enjoyed by the other firms. However, post 2002, Australian airline market was an oligopoly market, where the large three players were present, namely Qantas, Virgin Blue and the Ansett and there were small regional airline service providers too who used to enjoy considerable amount of market share. During that time Qantas was accounted for 39% of total airline market share and the market leader was Ansett w ith market share of more than 42% (Domestic aviation activity, 2018). However, post 2003, Ansett closed its operation and the market transformed into a duopoly market, where only two players, namely Virgin Blue and Qantas operate and the prior one has become the market leader with 62% of market share (Australia domestic airline market outlook, 2018). Considering the market share statistics, it can be seen that that the present firms are highly diverse in case of market share that makes it hard for the Virgin Blue with the Qantas. And on the other hand trunk airlines are nowhere near to the potential of the Qantas that has made it the market leader as well as the price setter. In addition to this, it has also been seen that the trunk airline duopoly has went to an end during 2003 due to the absence of Ansett all the market share has been absorbed by the Qantas (Helmreich Merritt, 2017). Thus, though prior to 2003, Australian airline industry was an oligopoly market, however, over th e time in absence of Ansett it has become a duopoly market. And when the trunk road is considered, then it is a monopoly market, where the market is controlled by the Qantas. The selected industry is an Australian airline industry, which operates under the duopoly framework. According to the duopoly model of economy, it is a special form of oligopoly where the number of market player is limited to two. Considering the case of the Australian airline industry it can be seen that the Australian airline has two market player, which are namely Qantas and Virgin Blue that makes it a duopoly market (Zhang, Sampaio Fu, 2016). On the other hand oligopoly is the market framework, where the number of players in the market is higher than two. Under the duopoly market, products are differentiated and each product have some amount of customer loyalty that provides the firm some amount of monopoly power (Feng, Li Li, 2014). On the other hand like oligopoly as the policy to promote the product, duopoly utilize the advertising technique and for deterring the new entrants brand loyalty as well as price cut is utilized by the firms. In case of the Australian airline indus try same principal can be observed, where the market is controlled by the Qantas that provides it much amount of monopoly power and along with the brand preference of customers the Australian airline deters the new entrants through price cut or coordinating pricing strategy. Characteristics of the chosen industry: As it has been observed through analysing the Australian airline industry, there are only two prominent market players are present. These are Qantas and the other one Virgin Blue. When it comes to the number of sellers, then there is more than 5.28 million passengers in Australia who uses Australian airline service as their medium of transportation frequently (Andrew et al., 2015). Australian market performs under the duopoly framework and analysing the same, it can be seen that the airline duopoly of Australia is potent to deter any new entrants. Both the firms are almost same in size considering the actual potential of them, thus it makes the chances for the new entrant to penetrate the market is almost zero (Baker, Merkert Kamruzzaman, 2015). Though the competition between the Qantas and Virgin Blue is not as much severe as it used to be between the Qantas and the Ansett, however both of them are not willing to let the other player enter into the market. Thus there is entry barriers to a high magnitude and when it comes to exit, then the firm faces barriers too. Considering the case of the Ansett, it can be seen that the firm has lost all of its physical capitals that has caused them good amount of loos. Thus the barrier in the case of exit is also present. Considering the duopoly market structure, Qantas in short run earn normal profit, where the price equilibrium occurs where the marginal cost and average cost equates. On the other hand during long run Qantas enjoys supernormal profit, because the willingness to pay is higher compared to the prevailing market price (Goeters, 2017). Price determination: Between the two market players, Qantas is the largest one which enjoys almost 62% of market share; on the other hand only 30% of market share is enjoyed by the Virgin blue ("Australian Airline Industry Parliament of Australia", 2018). That makes the Qantas market leader. However, when the potential of the firms are judged, they are almost same, that makes the situation tough for both the firm. Though the price is being determined by the Qantas, however, when it comes to leisure travel, then Virgin Blue is the market leader. Under duopoly market structure, other than price competition there need to non-price competition too. In case of the Australian airline industry, it uses advertising and brand loyalty along with the price cutting as the means of non-price competition. Conclusion: From the above discussion it can be seen that the Australian airline industry is a duopoly framework, where only two large players namely, Qantas and Virgin Blue operates. Due to the considerable amount of market share, Qantas acts as the market leader and decides the price. On the other hand, the firms opts for collusive pricing strategy in order to reduce the monopoly power of each other. Thus to conclude, it can be stated that through the duopoly airline market structure, Australian economy has performed well, that has shared substantial amount of share to GDP and produced great amount of job annually. Reference: Andrew, E., De Wit, A., Meadley, B., Cox, S., Bernard, S., Smith, K. (2015). Characteristics of patients transported by a paramedic-staffed helicopter emergency medical service in Victoria, Australia.Prehospital Emergency Care,19(3), 416-424. Australia domestic airline market outlook: Qantas Group reins in capacity as Virgin continues growth. (2018).CAPA - Centre for Aviation. Retrieved 16 April 2018, from https://centreforaviation.com/insights/analysis/australia-domestic-airline-market-outlook-qantas-group-reins-in-capacity-as-virgin-continues-growth-218946 Australian Airline Industry Parliament of Australia. (2018).Aph.gov.au. 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